Sodium-restricted diets restrict the quantity of sodium to a prescribed level. These diets are designed to induce a loss of sodium and water from the body or avoid excessive sodium retention. Suggested levels of sodium modification include:
Mild sodium restriction- 3000mg sodium per day
Moderate sodium restriction- 2000mg sodium per day
Strict sodium restriction- 1000mg sodium per day
Very strict sodium diet- 500mg sodium per day
-The choices of foods depend on the sodium levels. In general, commercially prepared foods with added sodium are limited in amount or excluded altogether while those foods with naturally occurring sodium are only allowed in some degree.
When is it used?
- 3000mg sodium diet: mild hypertension, mild edema
- 2000mg sodium diet: congestive heart failure, moderate hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension, corticosteroid therapy, cirrhosis, and chronic renal disorders.
- 1000mg sodium diet: severe hypertension, cirrhosis with ascites, pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, and eclampsia.
- 500 mg sodium diet: a diet used on a short-term basis for patients requiring severe sodium restriction.
How adequate is the diet?
The diet provides all the essential nutrients when planned based on the principles of balanced diet.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but use only those foods that are permitted.
Breakfast
Fruit
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Rice/bread (or substitute)
Beverage
Lunch/Supper
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Vegetable
Rice (or substitute)
Fruit
Snacks
(As desired)
Sandwich/pasta/noodles
Hot or cold beverage
Sunday, December 12, 2010
Fat-Controlled Diet
Fat-controlled diet regulates both the amount and type of fat, especially saturated fat and cholesterol. The diet is generally planned to provide.
- 30% of the total calorie from fat;
- Less tahn10-15% of total calories from saturated fatty acids;
- Up to 10 of total calories from polyunsaturated fatty acids; and
- No more than 300 mg cholesterol a day.
The basic changes made in the diet include the reduction of foods high in saturated fats, cholesterol, and total fat. The diet is designed to decrease the concentration of serum cholesterol and other circulating lipids in order to prevent or reduce the development of atherosclerosis.
When is it used?
-Atherosclerosis
- Elevated cholesterol stones with cholesterol esters
- Hyperilipidemia or hyperlipoproteinemia
How adequate is the diet?
The fat-controlled diet can include a wide variety of food products resulting in carrying amounts of nutrients.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fresh fruit
Lean meat/fish (or substitute)
Dressing
Plain rice/bread (or substitute)
Coffee or fat-free milk
Lunch/Supper
Lean meat/fish, seafood/poultry without skin
Stir-fry vegetables or salad with vinegar
Plain rice (or substitute)
Fruit juice or fresh fruit slices
Snacks
Fruit juice or cola
Low-fat sandwich/noodles
- 30% of the total calorie from fat;
- Less tahn10-15% of total calories from saturated fatty acids;
- Up to 10 of total calories from polyunsaturated fatty acids; and
- No more than 300 mg cholesterol a day.
The basic changes made in the diet include the reduction of foods high in saturated fats, cholesterol, and total fat. The diet is designed to decrease the concentration of serum cholesterol and other circulating lipids in order to prevent or reduce the development of atherosclerosis.
When is it used?
-Atherosclerosis
- Elevated cholesterol stones with cholesterol esters
- Hyperilipidemia or hyperlipoproteinemia
How adequate is the diet?
The fat-controlled diet can include a wide variety of food products resulting in carrying amounts of nutrients.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fresh fruit
Lean meat/fish (or substitute)
Dressing
Plain rice/bread (or substitute)
Coffee or fat-free milk
Lunch/Supper
Lean meat/fish, seafood/poultry without skin
Stir-fry vegetables or salad with vinegar
Plain rice (or substitute)
Fruit juice or fresh fruit slices
Snacks
Fruit juice or cola
Low-fat sandwich/noodles
Low-Fat Diet
A low fat diet is a modification in fat content. It is designed to limit the total amount of fat in the diet to less than 10-15% of total calorie intake or about 30 to 50 grams per day.
When is it used?
This diet may be prescribed for patients with the following conditions:
- Cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure
- Chronic renal disease
- Disorder in the digestion, absorption, and transport of fat including steatorrhea and fat malabsorption, gallbladder disease.
How adequate is the diet?
Dietary fat serves as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins and provides essential fatty acids. These functions can be met by a diet containing 15-25 grams fat daily. A variety of food intake ensures that the diet will provide all the essential nutrients.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fruit or fruit juice
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Rice/plain bread (or substitute)
Coffee or fat-free milk
Lunch/Supper
Lean meat/fish, seafood/poultry without skin
Stir-fry vegetable or salad with vinegar dressing
Plain rice
Fruit juice or fresh slices
Snacks
Fruits juice
Low-fat sandwich
When is it used?
This diet may be prescribed for patients with the following conditions:
- Cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure
- Chronic renal disease
- Disorder in the digestion, absorption, and transport of fat including steatorrhea and fat malabsorption, gallbladder disease.
How adequate is the diet?
Dietary fat serves as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins and provides essential fatty acids. These functions can be met by a diet containing 15-25 grams fat daily. A variety of food intake ensures that the diet will provide all the essential nutrients.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fruit or fruit juice
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Rice/plain bread (or substitute)
Coffee or fat-free milk
Lunch/Supper
Lean meat/fish, seafood/poultry without skin
Stir-fry vegetable or salad with vinegar dressing
Plain rice
Fruit juice or fresh slices
Snacks
Fruits juice
Low-fat sandwich
Gluten-Restricted Diet
A gluten-restricted diet, also called gliadin-free diet, eliminates all foods sources of gluten. Gluten is a protein found in grains and contains a specific amino acid peptide sequence. This peptide sequence occurs in the prolamin frcation of wheat (gliadin), rye (secalin), and barley (hordein).
When is it used?
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Gluten-sensitive enteropathies such as celiac disease (celiac sprue) and nontropical sprue.
How adequate is the diet?
A gluten-restricted diet is not nutritionally inadequate; however, when malabsorption is present, appropriate vitamin and/or mineral supplements should be prescribed.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but use only those foods are permitted.
When is it used?
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Gluten-sensitive enteropathies such as celiac disease (celiac sprue) and nontropical sprue.
How adequate is the diet?
A gluten-restricted diet is not nutritionally inadequate; however, when malabsorption is present, appropriate vitamin and/or mineral supplements should be prescribed.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but use only those foods are permitted.
Low-Purine Diet
A low-purine diet limits the amount of purines to 120 to 150 mg/dayas compared to the usual intake of 600 to 1000 mg per day.
-The diet is relatively high in carbohydrate (at least 50 percent of calories) content and low in fat (should not exceed 30% of calories) with fluid intake of at least 2 quarts per day or more.
When is it used?
Low-purine diet is suggested when the uric acid level in the body is high, unless the patient is on medication that helps eliminate excess uric acid.
- Gout
- Hyperurucemia
- Uric acid stones
PURINE- a compound that is mainly found in animal protein and is metabolized to uric acid in the body.
How adequate is the diet?
The diet provides all the essential nutrients when planned based on the principles of balance diet.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but choose only from those foods that are planned.
-The diet is relatively high in carbohydrate (at least 50 percent of calories) content and low in fat (should not exceed 30% of calories) with fluid intake of at least 2 quarts per day or more.
When is it used?
Low-purine diet is suggested when the uric acid level in the body is high, unless the patient is on medication that helps eliminate excess uric acid.
- Gout
- Hyperurucemia
- Uric acid stones
PURINE- a compound that is mainly found in animal protein and is metabolized to uric acid in the body.
How adequate is the diet?
The diet provides all the essential nutrients when planned based on the principles of balance diet.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but choose only from those foods that are planned.
Low Protein Diet
A low-protein diet regulates the dietary intake of protein to a prescribed level. It is intended to reduce ammonia or toxic nitrogen metabolites in people with malfunctioning liver and kidney.
- Protein allowances is computed at 0.5 to 0.8 grams per kilo body weight in the absence of edema or alternatively using the DBW. However, the diet must have at least 40 grams protein per day. Below this level, the diet is combined with keto acid or amino acid supplements.
- High biologic value protein sources are emphasized, at least 2/3 of the protein intake, such as those found in meats, fish, seafood, egg, and poultry.
When is it used?
- Acute renal failure
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Chronic renal failure without dialysis
- Liver failure with impending coma
How adequate is the diet?
A low protein in all nutrients except for vitamin B12 and iron. Unless the diet is well planned, the low-protein diet may also be low in calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. A nutrients supplement may be necessary to prevent deficiency.
- Protein allowances is computed at 0.5 to 0.8 grams per kilo body weight in the absence of edema or alternatively using the DBW. However, the diet must have at least 40 grams protein per day. Below this level, the diet is combined with keto acid or amino acid supplements.
- High biologic value protein sources are emphasized, at least 2/3 of the protein intake, such as those found in meats, fish, seafood, egg, and poultry.
When is it used?
- Acute renal failure
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Chronic renal failure without dialysis
- Liver failure with impending coma
How adequate is the diet?
A low protein in all nutrients except for vitamin B12 and iron. Unless the diet is well planned, the low-protein diet may also be low in calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. A nutrients supplement may be necessary to prevent deficiency.
High Protein Diet
A high protein diet provides a protein level substantially above the normal amount required. It supplies a minimum of 1.5 gram per kilo DBW or 100 to 200 gram protein daily for adults and is also basically high in kilocalories to spare protein from being used as energy.
-It aims to rehabilitate a client who has protein malnutrition characterized by weight loss and tissue wasting.
- The diet easily can be achieved by supplementing the normal diet with high protein foods like milk, meat, and eggs, and special-high-protein, high-calorie proprietary liquid supplements.
When is it used?
- Hypermetabolic or catabolic states
- In preparing the nutritionally wasted patient for surgery
- Primary and secondary protein-energy malnutrition
How adequate is the diet?
-The diet is generally a regular diet and, thus, nutritionally adequate.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet. Snacks must be given as frequent as possible.
-It aims to rehabilitate a client who has protein malnutrition characterized by weight loss and tissue wasting.
- The diet easily can be achieved by supplementing the normal diet with high protein foods like milk, meat, and eggs, and special-high-protein, high-calorie proprietary liquid supplements.
When is it used?
- Hypermetabolic or catabolic states
- In preparing the nutritionally wasted patient for surgery
- Primary and secondary protein-energy malnutrition
How adequate is the diet?
-The diet is generally a regular diet and, thus, nutritionally adequate.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet. Snacks must be given as frequent as possible.
Lactose-Restricted Diet
A lactose-restricted diet is a highly individual regular diet that limits but do not exclude milk and milk products.
- The diet is intended to reduce any adverse reaction due to lactose ingestion.
- Many people can tolerate 10 grams lactose per day with no occurrence of symptoms especially when lactose-containing foods are consumed as part of a mixed meal. A cup of whole milk has a approximately 10 grams of lactose.
Undigested lactose from taking milk and milk-containing products can give rise to symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and stomachache as a result of bacterial fermentation in the gut.
When is it used?
- Lactase deficiency
- Malabsorption syndrome associated with lactose intolerance
How adequate is the diet?
The diet is generally a regular diet and thus adequate in all nutrients a expect calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, and other B vitamins. Use of a milk substitute (e.g. soymilk) is necessary to satisfy the calcium requirement.
Suggested Meal Plan
Follow the same pattern as the regular diet but limit lactose-containing foods according to tolerance.
- The diet is intended to reduce any adverse reaction due to lactose ingestion.
- Many people can tolerate 10 grams lactose per day with no occurrence of symptoms especially when lactose-containing foods are consumed as part of a mixed meal. A cup of whole milk has a approximately 10 grams of lactose.
Undigested lactose from taking milk and milk-containing products can give rise to symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and stomachache as a result of bacterial fermentation in the gut.
When is it used?
- Lactase deficiency
- Malabsorption syndrome associated with lactose intolerance
How adequate is the diet?
The diet is generally a regular diet and thus adequate in all nutrients a expect calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, and other B vitamins. Use of a milk substitute (e.g. soymilk) is necessary to satisfy the calcium requirement.
Suggested Meal Plan
Follow the same pattern as the regular diet but limit lactose-containing foods according to tolerance.
Carbohydrate-restricted Diet
A carbohydrate-restricted diet provides no more than 45 percent carbohydrate of the total calorie intake but should not be less than 100 grams per day to prevent ketosis. Simple sugars are restricted to 10-15 percent of the total calories or avoided at all. The diet is also referred as the low-carbohydrate diet.
When is it used?
- Celiac disease
- COPD
- Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Hyperinsulinism
- Spontaneous hypoglycemia
- Dumping syndrome
- Epilepsy
How adequate is the diet?
The diet is adequate in all essential nutrients when planned based on the principles of balance diet.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fresh fruit slices
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Rice/bread (or substitute)
Warm beverage
Artificial sugar and cream
Lunch/Supper
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Vegetable dish
Rice (or substitute)
Artificially sweetened dessert
Snacks
Sandwich/pasta/noodle dish
Diet soda
When is it used?
- Celiac disease
- COPD
- Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Hyperinsulinism
- Spontaneous hypoglycemia
- Dumping syndrome
- Epilepsy
How adequate is the diet?
The diet is adequate in all essential nutrients when planned based on the principles of balance diet.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fresh fruit slices
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Rice/bread (or substitute)
Warm beverage
Artificial sugar and cream
Lunch/Supper
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Vegetable dish
Rice (or substitute)
Artificially sweetened dessert
Snacks
Sandwich/pasta/noodle dish
Diet soda
Saturday, December 11, 2010
Low-Calorie Diet
A low-calorie diet is a modification of the regular diet designed to bring about a steady loss of body weight until the reasonable weight goal has been achieved without jeopardizing nutritional adequacy.
- The diet contains a reduced amount of calories necessary to effect weight loss while the intake of other nutrients remains at normal levels.
- The consumption of concentrated foods rich in fat and sugars, which supply mainly calories, is reduced to minimum while protective foods, such as fruits and vegetables,a re emphasized.
- Alternate name: calorie-restricted diet
The Energy allowance of the client can be estimated using any of the following methods: (1) subtraction 500 or 100 kcal per day from the estimated current kcalorie intake to promote a weight loss of 1 or 2 pounds per week, respectively; or (2) compute total energy allowances based on desirable body weight and level of physical activity.
When is it used?
- Congestive heart failure
- Excess weight associated with diabetes, heart disease, gout, hypetension, and pre-surgery patients
- Hypothyroidism
How adequate is the diet?
- A nutritionally adequate diet can be relatively easily planned for diets of 1200 to 1500 kcal per day.
- Rigid caloric restriction (800-1200 kcal/day) may indicate a need for vitamin and mineral supplements.
- If moderately overweight, recommended exercise, avoidance of fat and high sugar foods.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fruit or fruit juice
Meat/fish
Plain rice/bread
Warm beverage
Artificial sugar
Lunch/Supper
- The diet contains a reduced amount of calories necessary to effect weight loss while the intake of other nutrients remains at normal levels.
- The consumption of concentrated foods rich in fat and sugars, which supply mainly calories, is reduced to minimum while protective foods, such as fruits and vegetables,a re emphasized.
- Alternate name: calorie-restricted diet
The Energy allowance of the client can be estimated using any of the following methods: (1) subtraction 500 or 100 kcal per day from the estimated current kcalorie intake to promote a weight loss of 1 or 2 pounds per week, respectively; or (2) compute total energy allowances based on desirable body weight and level of physical activity.
When is it used?
- Congestive heart failure
- Excess weight associated with diabetes, heart disease, gout, hypetension, and pre-surgery patients
- Hypothyroidism
How adequate is the diet?
- A nutritionally adequate diet can be relatively easily planned for diets of 1200 to 1500 kcal per day.
- Rigid caloric restriction (800-1200 kcal/day) may indicate a need for vitamin and mineral supplements.
- If moderately overweight, recommended exercise, avoidance of fat and high sugar foods.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fruit or fruit juice
Meat/fish
Plain rice/bread
Warm beverage
Artificial sugar
Lunch/Supper
Meat/fish
Vegetables salad or stir-fry vegetable dish
Plain rice
Fresh fruit slices or artificial flavored gelatin
Snacks
Sandwich/pasta/noodle dish
Diet soda or artificially sweetened drinks
Friday, December 10, 2010
High-Calorie Diet
A high calorie diet provides extra kilo calories above the normal prescribed level for an individual.
- An increase of 500 kcal per day above the normal kcalorie intake is given to produce a weight gain of approximately 1 lb/week.
- The increase in calorie intake must be gradual; the diet should include three meals with in-between snacks.
- Increases in daily kcal intake may be attained by giving larger portion sizes, second serving between meals and/or bedtime feedings, emphasizing foods and beverages high in calories, and use of nutritional supplements.
- All foods are allowed in the diet with higher consumption of cereals, breads, butter, cream and other fats and sugars. Bulky and low calorie foods, fried foods and those which may interfere with appetite are avoided.
- Minerals and vitamins remain at or above requirements depending upon the condition of the patient. For instance, with malnutrition, supplementation is beneficial.
- Consideration of the client's dietary pattern and food preferences is necessary especially for those who have poor appetite.
When is it used?
This modification is recommended for patients with debilitating conditions or diseases and any healthy individual for whom a weight gain is beneficial.
- Hypermetabolic conditions such as AIDS, COPD, burns, cancer cachexia, febrile conditions, hyperparathyroidism, fractured, and transplant or surgery
- Cystic fibrosis
- Undernutrition
How adequate is the diet?
The diet is nutritionally satisfactory if the foods in the basic meal pattern for age are followed.
Suggested Meal Plan
Breakfast
Fruit or fruit juice
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Rice/bread (or substitute)
Warm beverage
Lunch/Supper
Meat/fish (or substitute)
Vegetables
Rice (or substitute)
Fruit
Snacks (as frequently as possible)
Sandwich/pasta or noodles dish
Smoothies/liquid formula
Liberal Bland Diet
A liberal bland diet is highly individualized diet that is basically a regular diet with the omission of foods known to cause gastrointestinal discomfort.
- The traditional bland diet was originally designed to eliminate those foods or food additives known as chemically or mechanically irritating. Currently, bland diet is now liberalized and only those foods found to clinically irritate the stomach or esophagus are avoided.
- By advising the clients to keep records of the types amounts of foods and drinks consumed, food intolerance can easily be pinpointed. Meanwhile, while the dietitian has not assessed the patient's food tolerance, a more restricted bland diet will be given.
When is it used?
- As a progression step in post-op diet advancement
- Esophagitis
- Gastrointestinal reflux disease(GERD)
- Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
How adequate is the diet?
The liberal bland diet is essentially a regular diet.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but use only those foods that arr permitted. If snack is desired, bedtime snack should be avoided.
Low-Residue Diet
The low residue diet provides foods and drinks that are easily digested and almost completely absorbed to produce only a moderate amount of stool.
- The diet will make the stool less bulky and less frequently; it also decreases the rate at which stool passes through the body.
- The diet works by limiting foods that tent to stay in the intestine like those that contain minimal fiber and connective tissue.
- A low-fiber food is not necessarily low in residue. for instance, milk has no fiber but produces moderate amount of residue. The following is a listing of foods in order of increasing fecal output: protein, fat, milk, digestable carbohydrate, and carbohydrate without digestable material.
- The fiber content of the diet is reduce by selecting young, immature vegetables, ripe canned or well-cooked fruits, and certain raw fruits and vegetables low in fiber content.
- It is a temporary diet, once the symptoms get better, the person can begin to eat more.
When is it used?
- Acute diarrhea with abdominal cramping
- Acute phases of inflammatory condition of the bowel such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's diseases, diversiculitis, radiation enteritis (due to radiation therapy)
- As an intermediate diet after intestinal or rectal surgery as a person progresses from a liquid diet to a regular diet.
- Esophageal varices, ileostomies, or narrowed intestinal lumen
- May be used for a short period of time for people with partial intestinal obstruction, rectal bleeding, and stenosis of the esophageal or intestinal lumen.
How adequate is the diet?
- A low residue diet can be planned so that it meets all the essential nutrients needed by the body. In general, the diet is likely to be inadequate in fiber, calcium, vitamin C, vitamin A, and riboflavin. Vitamins and mineral supplements may be recommended.
- In long-term use, it is suggested that the diet be combined with a residue-free liquid formula.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but use on;y those foods that are permitted.
LOW RESIDUE DIET: Contraindications
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Diverticulosis
Fiber-restricted Diet
Fiber-restricted diet limits the consumption of fiber-rich by avoiding whole-grain bread and cereal products, nuts, seeds legumes, and certain fruits and vegetables.
- The extent of fiber restriction will depend on the client's condition and the goals of the management. Usually, fiber intake should not exceed 15 to 20 grams totals dietary fiber per day.
- Fiber-restricted diet serves mainly to reduce the total fecal size by limiting the sources of fiber and connective tissue.
- Alternative name:low-fiber diet
When is it used?
- For reduction of fecal output before or after surgery
- For acute phases of intestinal disorders such as diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
- Intestinal gas reduction
- Narrowing of the intestinal as in the case of obstruction and stricture
- Progressive diet
- Radiation enteritis
How adequate is the diet?
When carefully planned, the diet provides all the essential nutritients except for water-soluble vitamins especially vitamin C and minerals. Supplementation is needed when used in prolonged periods.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but using only allowed foods.
Monday, December 6, 2010
Diet Therapeutic?
Ensuring that you have a healthy, balanced diet is an important step towards good health. Good health is essential for leading a full and active life.
The word ‘diet’ is often used to describe an eating plan that is intended to aid weight loss. However, diet really refers to the food that a person eats during the course of a day or a week. The more balanced and nutritious your diet is, the healthier you can expect to be.
Diet therapy is a broad term for the practical application of nutrition as a preventative or corrective treatment of disease. This usually involves the modification of an existing dietary lifestyle to promote optimum health. However, in some cases, an alternative dietary lifestyle plan may be developed for the purpose of eliminating certain foods in order to reclaim health. For example, the latter kind of diet therapy is often recommended for those who suffer from allergies, including those that are not food-related. Elimination diet therapy is often found to be helpful in improving symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity in children.
THERAPEUTIC DIETS
> High Fiber Diet
This diet emphasize the use of foods high in fiber such as whole-grain breads and cereals,fruits,vegetables,and legumes. High fiber diets are generally low in calories and fat while packed with vitamins and minerals,and other important protective substances.
- Essential a regular diet, the high fiber regimen contains about 20-35 grams of dietary fiber (DF) per day. Consumption of higher than 50 grams has no additional benefit and may cause undesirable gastrointestinal side-effects. In children, age plus 5 grams of more of dietary fiber is suggested.
- The purpose of the diet is to increase the weight of residue reaching the colon; to increase intestinal peristalsis, and decrease colonic pressure.
- When introducing the diet, the different sources of the DF should be considered: 1 bran is an effective laxative to relieve constipation; 2 pectin has significant effect on serum lipids, blood sugar absorption, and diarrhea. High soluble fiber diets may lower cholesterol by 8% to 15%.
- Insoluble fiber rovides texture to plant foods- fruits, vegetables, and cereals. Main action: it helps bind water in the intestine and makes larger volume of waste materials resulting in more frequently and softer bowel motions and less risk of constipation.
Soluble fiber is found in all fruits, some cereals, and legumes. It traps fatty substances in the intestine and in that way helping to prevent their absorption. Likewise, it has also beneficial effects on blood sugar levels.
When is it used?
- Cancer prevention: breast, prostate, colon, bladder, rectum, uterine lining
- Constipation
- Coronary heart disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diarrhea (more on soluble fiber)
- Diverticulosis
How adequate is the diet?
High fiber diet is nutritionally adequate as long as a balance selection of food items is chosen. In general, fiber-rich diet is lower in energy density, often has a lower fat content, is larger in volume, and is richer in micronutritients. Diet may need to be supplemented when clients consume insufficient amount of foods.
HIGH FIBER DIET: Contraindications
When stenosis, obstruction or narrowing of the intestinal lumen is present.
Comment: Fiber is a natural part pf plant products that is not digested in the body and stays in the intestine. It is this resistance that makes these fibers important in both the normal functioning and in the disorders of the colon; the term "residue" refers to unabsorbed components of food, sloughed cells from the digestive system and intestinal bacteria found in feces after digestive.
HIGH FIBER DIET: Implementation
Avoid increasing fiber intake too quickly because it may result into:
- Excessive gas formation (flatulence) and bloating;
- Abdominal pain and sometimes diarrhea;
- Decrease in absorption of zinc, iron, copper, magnesium, calcium, protein, and pyridoxine.
- Water-soluble fibers (found in apples, citrus fruits, strawberries, oatmeal, and dried beans) do not affect mineral absorption as much as cellulose and bran (found mainly in whole-wheat products, root vegetables, cabbage family, and mature vegetables).
Note: These side effects can usually be minimized if fiber is introduced into the diet in small amounts with divided does. Plenty of water is also important.
Suggested Meal Plan
Same as the regular diet but with additional servings of fruits, vegetables, and substitution of refined carbohydrates with whole grains.
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